Rolled Rye Mulches for Weed Control in Organic No-Till Soybeans
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Collapse ▲by: Chris Reberg-Horton, Adam Smith, George Place, and Scott Wells.
The roller method for soybeans continues to show incredible promise for the region. A new fact sheet on its use will be available in the next few months, but in the meantime here are some of the most useful items we have discovered about it.
- You need a lot of rye. For this system to work, we are recommending over 8,000 pounds of rye dry matter per acre.
- Plant the rye early. Your chances of getting over 8,000 lbs DM are greatly improved by planting rye in September or October. We have occasionally gotten enough from November plantings but that is rare.
- Make sure the rye has enough nitrogen. Fertilizing the rye and tissue testing for N may be called for. This may sound like overkill, but the roller system demands we think about the cover crop differently. The rye cover crop represents your entire weed control program; it will save you all the costs associated with spring tillage and cultivation.
- Wait until the rye is in the milk or soft dough stage before rolling. Roll too soon and it will stand back up and will not die.
- Rolling and planting on the same day makes it more likely you are planting into dry soil. Rye cover crops are really effective at depleting soil moisture. Other states are recommending that planting occur about 2 weeks after rolling or after enough rain has fallen to recharge soil moisture. So far we have had remarkably good luck with same day planting, with only one stand out of 10 failing to emerge.
- Weed control and yields in this system are higher than the standard organic practices being utilized in NC. Organic soybean yields are highly variable because of weed control issues. In years with wet springs, missed passes with a rotary hoe or spring tooth harrow have led to in-row weed problems.
- Lodging is worse in the roller system. We have a lot of theories so far, and very little data. Lateral roots on the soybeans appear to be shallower in the mulched system. Mulched soybeans were taller this year with pod set higher on the stem. Both observations could be part of the problem. We will be trying some new ideas on planting this spring to see if we can prevent the lodging.
- Almost any type of roller seems able to kill the rye, though this has not been researched here yet. By waiting until the rye is in milk or soft dough, the rye is well on its way to senescence. Several farmers have tried cultipackers with good success.
- Try it on a small piece of land first. Make sure you can get your planter through the residue.
Anyone wanting to try this system can call anytime for advice and help.
Phone: 919-515-7597; email: chris_reberg-horton@ncsu.edu